Chicago/Turabian

Some general rules for formatting footnotes:

• Begin your footnote on the page on which you reference it.
• Footnotes should be indented as you would indent a paragraph.
• If a footnote must run over onto a new page, break it in midsentence so that readers do not think they have read the entire note.
• Do not use more than one reference number at the same location (ie, ^{5, 6}). Instead, use one number and place all citations in a single note, separated by semicolons.

The first time you cite a source, you will need to include the full citation information. Each subsequent time you cite it in the same paper, however, you will use a short form citation.

Author Only

If you are citing only one work by a particular author, use only their name and the page number.

     4. Michael Davis, Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street (New York: Viking, 2008), 43.

     5. Davis, 102.

Author-Title

If you are citing multiple works by the same author, use the author's name, a shortened (but clear!) version of the title, and the page number.

     12. Davis, Street Gang, 197.

Title Only

If you are citing a work which does not have an author or editor, use a shortened (but clear!) version of the title and the page number.

     18. Driving Home, 280.

Ibid

Ibid, which comes from the Latin ibidem or "in the same place", is used to cite a work whose bibliographic data appears in the note directly preceding it. If the citation information is exactly the same, including the page number, simply use 'Ibid.'. If the citation is the same save for the page number, use 'Ibid., #'.

Note that because Ibid. is an abbreviation, it should be followed by a period.

     23. Davis, Street Gang, 197.

     24. Ibid., 213

     25. Ibid.